Light devices having controllable light emitting elements

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, a light device for generating light includes light emitting diodes (LEDs), and power supply circuitry including at least one switching regulator including switching elements to provide power to the LEDs. The light device includes a device support structure including a device connector and an LED support to support the LEDs, wherein the device connector is one end of the device support structure, and the power supply circuitry is supported by the device support structure. Other embodiments are described.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/069,283 filed on Oct. 31, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/493,023, filed Jun. 26, 2009 and issuedon Nov. 5, 2013 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,573,807, both of which are entitled“LIGHT DEVICES HAVING CONTROLLABLE LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENTS,” and whichare herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to light devices havingcontrollable light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes(LEDs).

Background Art

LEDs are much more energy efficient and longer lasting than incandescentbulbs, or even fluorescent bulbs. However, a complaint regarding LEDbased light devices is that their luminance output is relatively low.

There are some LED based products available which look like a standardbulb base, but their luminance is very low, about 130 lumens, forexample. Light output of about 1000 lumens may be needed to come closeto some ordinary bulbs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be understood more fully from the detaileddescription given below and from the accompanying drawings ofembodiments of the invention which, however, should not be taken tolimit the invention to the specific embodiments described, but are forexplanation and understanding only.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a light device according to some embodiments ofthe invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of power supply circuitry and LEDs.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of power supply circuitry and LEDs.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an LED based light system including aswitched mode power supply with intensity control capabilities accordingto some embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing pulse width modulation (PWM) for regulatingcurrent.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a prior art ring oscillator.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a pulse width modulator (PWM) that may beused in some embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an LED based light system similar to thatof FIG. 4 but without an inductor and certain capacitors according tosome embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a switching waveform for transistors that may beused with the systems of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an LED based light system with multiplecolor and intensity control capabilities according to some embodimentsof the invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a light device including adjustablecontrols to control color and/or intensity according to some embodimentsof the invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a light device and remote controlcommunicating through a power line according to some embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a light device and a wireless remotecontrol according to some embodiments.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a light device according to someembodiments.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an on chip inductor according to someembodiments of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an on package inductor according to someembodiments of the invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates a light device with a fully enclosed coveringincluding transparent and non-transparent portions according to someembodiments of the invention.

FIG. 18 illustrates a light device with a partially enclosed coveringaccording to some embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 19 illustrates a light device with a single LED according to someembodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In some embodiments, LEDs are used for household or light commerciallighting devices, by embedding the LEDs and associated electronics inmechanical packaging that include a conventional incandescent light bulbplug, so that they fit in conventional, incandescent or compactfluorescent light sockets, for example, sockets found around the world.In some embodiments, the light device provides the same or similarluminance output to of an incandescent light, and in some embodiments,this is done with substantially less power input. For example, an LEDlight bulb according to some embodiments of the invention will fit intoa conventional 110V (or 220V) light socket, or other conventionalsockets, perhaps without the consumer even noticing the difference. Insome embodiments, a bulb covering or encapsulation or other package,perhaps made of some organic or inorganic material, efficiently spreadsthe light, and gives the feeling of a conventional incandescent orfluorescent light bulb. In other embodiments, the details are different.

FIG. 1 illustrates a light device 100 including one or more LEDs 120 anda light bulb connector 110, which may also be called a light deviceconnector, a bulb plug, or a base. LEDs 120 are supported by an LEDsupport 124. In other embodiments, support 124 does not extend beyondbulb connector 110. Connector 110 includes threads 114 to allow it tomate with a socket. Power is provided from the socket to connector 110.Connector 110 is at one end of the light bulb (or light device). Powersupply circuitry 130 provides power to LEDs 120 and is included in bulbconnector 110 and/or elsewhere in device 100. For example, in FIG. 17,power supply circuitry 130 is partially in connector 110 and partiallyin covering 150 and, more particularly, partially in support 160. LEDsupport 160 supports LEDs 120. In FIG. 18, power supply circuitry 130 iscompletely in LED support 160 or on support 160. The differentplacements of power supply circuitry 130 could be made with any of lightdevices shown in the figures.

LEDs 120 may be high brightness LEDs or another type of LEDs includingcurrently available and future LEDs. In some embodiments, light device100 includes a bulb covering or encapsulation 140. Connector 110 andsupport 124 are part of a device support structure 144 for LEDs and apower supply 130. Note that connector 110 is at one end of supportstructure 144. Bulb encapsulation 140 disperses or spreads light fromthe LEDs, which are typically highly directional. In some embodiments,the intent is for the light to be directional, so a light dispersingbulb is not included. Although several of the figures show only twoLEDs, LEDs 120 may include more than two LEDs in a light device. Theremay be different types of LEDs in the different light devices and theremay be different types of LEDs in the same light device. FIG. 19 shows alight device with only one LED 120. Note that power supply circuitry 130may be different if only one LED is used.

In some embodiments, there is not a covering or encapsulation. In someembodiments, a portion of the covering is non-transparent (for example,reflective), while another portion of the encapsulation is transparentor covering. For example, FIG. 17 illustrates a light device with afully enclosed covering 150 having a transparent portion 154 and anon-transparent portion 156 to fully enclose LEDs 120. FIG. 1 also showsa fully enclosed covering. FIG. 18 shows a partially enclosed covering170 because it leaves LEDs 120 exposed at the top. In FIG. 18, LEDs areshown partially extending above covering 170, but that does not matteras to whether the covering is fully or partially enclosed.

The invention is not restricted to use with light devices as are shownin FIG. 1. Various other shapes and sizes may be used. Light bulbconnector 110 may be constructed to be of a standardized size to fit oneof various standard sized sockets or it may be of a non-standard size.Examples of standard power for incandescent and fluorescent bulbsinclude 25 W, 40 W, 60 W, 75 W, and 100 W. Some embodiments of theinvention allow the same, more than the same, or close to the same lumenoutput as the incandescent and fluorescent bulbs at substantially lesspower input. For example, some embodiments of light device 100 mayprovide the same lumens at less than half the input energy. Someembodiments of light device 100 work with a variety of voltages andrange of voltages. For example, in some embodiments, the light devicemay work with a large range of input voltages from 90 to 250 V (volts)or, as another example, in some embodiments the input range may be 100to 230V. This is In other embodiments, the light device may work withonly a much more restricted range of input voltages. LEDs are oneexample of light emitting elements. Other examples of light emittingelements include small incandescent bulbs, that fit in a larger lightdevice. As used herein, the term light is not restricted to the visiblespectrum, but may include frequencies outside the visible spectrum.

A 100 W incandescent bulb may produce about 1500 (range about 1300 to1700) lumens of light, and today's LEDs may provide about 60 (rangeabout 50 to 70) lumens per watt, which is expected to increase as thetechnology matures. Therefore, you would need about 10 LEDs, eachconsuming 2.5 W, consuming total 25 W of electric power to provide thesame output (lumens) as a 100 W incandescent bulb. The voltage dropacross an LED may vary from 2 to 5 volts, depending on the type and thecolor of the LED. Notice that a single LED cannot be connected directlyto the main supply voltage. If the voltage drop across an LED is about5V, then the current through the LED is about 0.5 ampere, dissipating2.5 W and producing about 150 lumens of light.

FIG. 2 illustrates power supply circuitry 200 to provide power to LEDs240, including parallel groups of series LEDs 240 (242-1 . . . 242-n)and LEDs 244 (244-1 . . . 244-n). This implementation is not veryefficient, but it is discussed here for the understanding of theconcept. An AC supply voltage 210 is provided through input conductors212 and 214 to a full wave bridge rectifier 220 in series with aninductor 230. Bridge rectifier 220 converts the alternating AC inputsignal into a direct DC signal. Inductor 230 acts as a ballast to dropsufficient voltage across it so that the rest of the system is fed withmuch lower voltage. The voltage drop across the inductor 230 may beproportional to the inductance of the inductor 230, with higherinductance providing a larger voltage drop, but resulting in a largersize of the inductor 230. Therefore, there is a practical limit to thesize of the inductor 230 that can be employed. An inductor, such asinductor 230, is used in various embodiments to drop some voltageupfront before converting AC signal into DC. In other embodiments, an upfront inductor like inductor 230 is not used.

Bridge rectifier 220 is coupled between inductor 230 and conductor 214and between node 236 (+) and node 238 (−). A capacitor 260, coupledbetween nodes 236 and 238, acts as a filter to remove 50/60 Hz rippleand make the supply voltage closer to pure DC. The DC voltage acrosscapacitor 260 may be as high as the peak value of the input voltage, forexample, approximately 1.4 times input voltage (110V or 220V), about 150or 300V, as the case may be. In our hypothetical case, assume LEDs 242and 244 each have 10 LEDs in series, with 5V across each LED, so thetotal drop across the LEDs will be 50V. If ballast inductor 230 is notpresent, the rest of the voltage (e.g., 100 to 250V) is dropped acrossballast resistors 250 and 252. The LEDs consume 25 W of power, andballast resistors 250 and 252 consume 50 to 125 W of power, wasted asheat. If a ballast inductor 230 is present, the drop across the resistor250 would be less depending on the inductance of the inductor 230.

FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2 except that the power supply circuitry 300includes a transformer 310 and not an inductor 230. However,transformers 310 tend to be bulky and heavy. It is note worthy that forboth the designs of FIGS. 2 and 3, the same design cannot be used forboth 110V and 220V. That is, a different value of inductor 230 would beused for 110V than for 220V, and a different value of transformer 310would be used for 110V than for 220V. Power supply circuits 200 and 300are prior art, although the inventors do not know for certain whetherthese precise power supply circuits have been used in connection withLED based standard-sized bulbs.

FIG. 4 illustrates power supply circuitry 400 including a switchingregulator 410 for providing power to LEDs 240. Switching regulator 410incorporates a closed loop control, monitoring current consumption inLEDs 240 to regulate the current flowing through LEDs 240. Switchingregulator 410 (sometimes called a Buck converter, switching converter,or switched mode power supply in the prior art) is coupled to nodes 236and 238 and includes switching elements 420 and 425, capacitor 470, aninductor 414 (or inductors 414), resistor 440, capacitor 450, andswitching control circuitry 430. Various types of switch mode powersupplies are known in the art. Switching control circuitry 430 controlsswitching elements 420 and 425 through conductors 436 and 438. Asexamples, switching elements 420 and 425 may be high voltage bipolar orMOSFET transistors T1 and T2. The use of two transistors is illustrativeand not intended to be limiting. Similar circuits may use one transistorand one diode or different combinations of transistors and diodes. Forexample, in some embodiments, element 420 is a transistor and element425 is a diode.

In operation, the high voltage AC input at conductors 212 and 214 isconverted to DC using conventional full wave bridge rectifier 220.Ballast inductor 230 drops some voltage before it is converted to DC.The DC voltage is filtered by the capacitor 460 between nodes 236 and238 to remove or at least reduce AC ripple. Removing ripple from signalsis well known.

When T1 is on, T2 is off and vice versa. When T1 is on, it conducts, andT2 is turned off creating an open circuit, and vice versa. When T1 isturned on, the inductor 414 is connected between the high DC voltage andlow output voltage, and magnetic flux is built in inductor 414. When T1is turned off and T2 is on, the current through inductor 414 continuesto capacitor 470, and to LEDs 240. Resistors 250 and 252 in series withLED strings 242 and 244 may be very low resistance and act as a ballastto compensate for mismatches in the LED characteristics, and could beomitted if only one string of LEDs 240 is used.

A resistor 440 may be a precision resistor of very small resistancevalue Rsense. The voltage dropped across resistor 440 is filtered by asmall capacitor 450 to reject ripples and average out the signal. Thisvoltage Vs is a measure of the current flowing through LEDs 240, and isfed on conductor 482 to switching control circuitry 430.

The output voltage of switching regulator 410 may be responsive to thenumber of LEDs 240 in LED strings 242 and 244. The number of LEDs in astring and the number of strings given a desired light output may bechosen by known engineering tradeoffs.

In some embodiments, switching control circuitry 430 receives anintensity control signal on conductor(s) 480 discussed in connectionwith FIG. 7. In some embodiments, such as in FIG. 11, intensity controlis through manual operation and a conductor 480 is not used. In otherembodiments, there is no such intensity control. Intensity controlallows the brightness of some or all of the LEDs to be controlled and isdescribed in more detail below. This may also be called dimming control.An internal intensity control signal such as on conductor 480 can beresponsive an external intensity control signal.

FIG. 5 shows an effect of closed loop feedback system with pulse widthmodulation, which is known in the art. In some embodiments, thefrequency of operation is held constant, thus the period T is fixed. Incase (a), during nominal operation, inductor 414 builds magnetic fluxduring time t and continues to provide current capacitor 470 and LEDs240 during time T-t. In case (b), the sensed voltage Vs is higher thanreference Vref indicating that higher current is flowing through LEDs240, and thus time t is reduced. Similarly, in case (c), the currentthrough LEDs 240 is increased by building higher current in inductor 414by increasing time t.

In FIG. 5, the frequency is constant and the duty cycle is changed byvarying the pulse width. Under a second approach, the duty cycle may bechanged by keeping the pulse width constant and changing the period(frequency). Under a third approach, the duty cycle is held constant,but the frequency changes. The second and third approaches may causechanges in ripple, but this is a known design tradeoff. Stillalternatively, both the frequency and the pulse width could be changed.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a free running oscillator 610 with outputsignal Vosc on conductor 620. The output of the ring oscillator 620 is aclose to sinusoidal voltage signal as shown in FIG. 6. A simple ringoscillator may be stable enough since switching control circuitry 430may adjust the duty cycle to compensate for changes in the Voscfrequency.

FIG. 7 shows one of the various ways to implement switching controlcircuitry 430. Switching control circuitry 430 includes an oscillator610, which may be the same as or different than the oscillator of FIG.6, to provide the signal Vosc on conductor 620 to a positive input ofcomparator 740. A negative input of comparator 740 is from the output ofa comparator 730 which receives the sensed voltage Vs and a referencevoltage signal Vref as inputs. Feedback circuitry to control the gain ofthe comparators is known in the art and is not shown to avoid clutter.The Vref signal is provided by a precision voltage reference circuit710. In the example of FIG. 7, voltage reference circuit 710 includes asimple Zener diode 720 and resistors 722 and 724 to create the Vrefsignal. It is well known in the art to use a Zener diode and resistorsto create a voltage reference. There are several other more complex waysof creating voltage reference known in the art, such a using band-gapreference. In some embodiments in which there is intensity control,resistor 724 is a variable resistor or group of resistors. Resistor 724can be a potentiometer or similar device in which the resistance ischange through manual control as in FIG. 11. Alternatively, resistor 724can be changed in response to changing signals in conductor(s) 480. Forexample, a signal on conductor 480 could control switches causing one ormore additional resistors to be in parallel thereby changing theresistance. Note that conductor 480 is not included in some embodiments.In some embodiments, Vref could be provided directly from conductor 480so that the other reference circuitry 710 is not used to create Vref.

Comparator 730 compares the sensed voltage Vs to the reference voltageVref and creates a trip point of the next comparator 740. Comparators730 and 740 may be operational amplifiers. Comparator 740 creates strobepulses t (discussed in connection with FIG. 5) whose width depends onthe output of comparator 730. If comparator 730 determines that thecurrent through LEDs 240 is too low, then the pulse width t 520 isincreased, and vice versa.

In the illustrated embodiments, if Vs is higher than Vref, the currentthrough LEDs 240 is higher than desired, and the control system takesaction by reducing the time T1 is on. Lower on time for T1 results inlower current build up in inductor 410. Similarly, if Vs is lower thanVref, the control system increases the ON time of T1 420, and so on.This closed loop feedback system continuously monitors the currentthrough LEDs 240, and takes action to maintain the brightness of LEDs240 at the desired level. When intensity control is used, Vref can beadjusted. If Vref is increased, the current through LEDs 240 isincreased. Therefore, the illustrated control circuit 430 provides anintegrated intensity control. Accordingly, switching control circuitry430 is a pulse width modulator that controls the width of the pulse t tocompensate for shifts in currents and voltages. The implementation shownhere is analog. It is possible to create a digital design if so desired.Pulse width modulation is a well known method to control voltage andcurrent and in controlling LED brightness.

A relationship exists between the input DC voltage V and output DCvoltage v, where the change in current in the inductor 414 during time tis ΔI=(V−v)t/L (the current built in inductor 414), where L is theinductance of inductor 414. Likewise, the current in inductor 414 duringthe time (T−t) is ΔI=v(T−t)/L (the current discharged from inductor414). Equating the two yields t/T=v/V. Therefore, the ratio of theoutput voltage to the input voltage is proportional to the duty cycle ofthe switching waveform (t/T) during continuous current operation. Thecontrol system may adjust the duty cycle continuously to adjust thevoltage v to maintain the desired current in LEDs 240. Note that theseand other equations in this description are models for the operation andnot necessarily exact descriptions of the operation.

As an example, if the design is for nominal 110V AC, then the input DCvoltage is about 150V, an LED chain 242 requires 50V, and the ratio(t/T)=(v/V)=50/150=⅓, that is a 33% duty cycle. The control system willautomatically adjust the duty cycle to 33% when 110V AC is connected asthe input. If the input voltage is lowered below 110V, then the dutycycle will automatically increase to accommodate the change. Similarly,if 220V is applied to the input, then the input DC voltage V may beabout 300V, and the duty cycle will be adjusted automatically to50/300=⅙. Thus, this design will automatically adapt to any inputvoltage within a reasonable range tolerated by the implementedelectronics.

Let W be the total power dissipated in LEDs 240, the average currentthrough LEDs 240 be I=W/v, and a ripple current percentage ΔI/I=((V−v) tv)/LW=((1/WL)×(1−(v/V))×(v²/f)), where f is the switching frequency.Therefore, (L×f)=(1/W(ΔI/I))×(1(1≤(v/V))×(v²). As an example for adesign described herein, v=50, V=150, W=25, and assuming 10% ripplecurrent, we get (L×f)=0.66×10³. The following table shows differentvalues of inductor 414 and associated switching frequencies that may beused with the design.

Inductance L of Switching Freq f (MHz) inductor 414 1 660 micro-Henry 1066 micro-Henry 100 6.6 micro-Henry

Note that as the frequency of operation is increased, the size of theinductor 414 decreases. Today's high performance electronics can easilyswitch at more than 100 MHz, and thus would require a very smallinductor 414 of 6.6 micro-henry. In some embodiments, the converter isswitched at a very high frequency to reduce the size of the inductor414, so that the inductor 414 can be easily incorporated into the baseof bulb connector 110 or even integrated into the electronics 130itself, discussed below.

For example, a 6 micro Henry inductor 414 can be built with a ferritecore that is, for example, 5 mm long, with 5 mm diameter, and seventurns of copper wire—small enough to fit in the base of a conventionalbulb as in FIG. 1. Such a small size of an inductor 414 is possiblebecause of higher switching frequency.

There are several other ways to implement a small inductor 414 besidesusing a discrete ferrite core inductor mentioned above. The inductor 414may be implemented as an “air core” discrete inductor 414, which may beslightly larger in size but nevertheless would fit in the base of theconvention bulb connector 110. Inductor 414 may be based on a magneticmaterial or a non-magnetic material. Another method is to integrateinductor 414 on the printed circuit board or package substrate of theintegrated controller 430. In this implementation, the inductor 414 maybe formed by the signal traces on the board or on the package. Highpermeability magnetic material may be incorporated to reduce the size ofthe inductor 414 on the board or on the package. The inductor 414 may beimplemented on a controller die (integrated circuit) as an integratedinductor with or without magnetic material. All these options arepossible because the frequency of operation is high, allowing a smallerinductor 414 size. See FIGS. 15 and 16.

FIG. 8 illustrates power supply circuitry 800 including a switchingregulator 810 which are similar to power supply circuitry 400 andswitching regulator 410 except that inductor 230 and capacitors 460 and470 are not included. Without the filter capacitors, the current isstill direct current, but with a larger AC ripple than the circuit withthe filter capacitors 460 and 470. The average current is controlled,however there are larger variations in current while the pulse widthmodulator might be operating as seen in FIG. 9.

In the lighting application, vision persistence may be very large, andeven if LEDs 240 receive current spikes as shown in FIG. 9, it's theaverage current (or RMS current) that determines the power dissipationand the perceived amount of light generated from the LED lightingsystem. This type of pulsed DC supply may not be suitable for otherelectronics, but may be good enough for the lighting applications. Anadvantage of eliminating capacitors 460 and 470 is reduced cost andpossibly reduced sized making it easier to fit in the bulb connector110.

In different embodiments, there are different possible levels ofintensity to choose from. For example, in some embodiments, very finegrain changes in intensity and color can be made. In other embodimentswith discrete levels of intensity control, there are fewer levels tochoose from. In some embodiments, the changes in intensity are more orless continuous, while in other embodiments, there may be relatively fewpossible different intensity levels to choose from.

FIG. 10 illustrates a system which is similar to that of FIG. 4 exceptthat power supply circuitry 1000 includes three switching regulators (orswitching converters) 1032, 1034, and 1036 for multiple colors (forexample, blue, green, and red), and LEDs 240 includes different colorLEDs, for example, blue LEDs 1062 (1062-1 . . . 1062-n), green LEDs 1064(1064-1 . . . 1064-n), and red LEDs 1066 (1066-1 . . . 1066-n).Resistors 1072, 1074, and 1076 may be considered part of the switchingregulators but are shown separately for illustration purposes. Althoughonly one string of LEDs per color is shown, there may be more than oneparallel string for a color. The LEDs may be interspersed in the lightdevice or separated in the light device. There may be additional colorssuch as white LEDs. Ballast resistors 1052, 1054, and 1056 and senseresistors 1072, 1074, and 1076 are similar to resistors 250 and 440 inFIG. 4. Switching converters 1032, 1034, and 1036 may each includeswitching elements like switching elements 420 and 425 and switchingcontroller circuitry 430 and capacitor 450 of FIG. 4, or be somewhatdifferent than in FIG. 4. They may also include capacitors likecapacitors 460 and 470.

System 1000 may use intensity and color control signals on conductors1042, 1044, and 1046 for blue, green, and red colors respectively. Notethat by changing relative intensity of different color LEDS or eventurning off particular color LEDs, the overall intensity and overallcolor of the combined LEDs can be changed. The overall color might bekept the same by changing the intensity of all colors by the sameamount, or the overall color may change by changing the intensity ofdifferent color LEDs by different amounts.

FIG. 11 shows a light device 1100 including a plurality ofpotentiometers 1150-1, 1150-2, and 1150-3, which may be used as resistor724 of FIG. 7, to control the intensity of different ones of LEDs 1120.LEDs 1120 may represent LEDs 1062, 1064, and 1066, the intensity ofwhich may be controlled by potentiometers 1150-1, 1150-2, and 1150-3,respectively. Power supply circuitry 1130 may be primarily inside bulbconnector 110 but may include some circuitry such as potentiometers inbulb encapsulation 140. In other embodiments, there is only onepotentiometer like 1150-1, 1150-2 or 1150-3, or two potentiometers, ormore than three potentiometers. A support (like LED support 124) couldbe included in the devices of FIGS. 11-14 and the power supply circuitrycould be partially or fully in or on the support like LED support 124.

FIG. 12 shows intensity control circuitry 1210 coupled to a light device1200 through power conductor 1214. Light device 1200 includes LEDs 1220which may include a single color or multiple colors of LEDs such as LEDs1062, 1064, and 1066. If only a single color is used, that single colormay be a white shade or different than white. Power supply circuitry1230 controls the intensity of LEDs 1220 in response to control signalssuperimposed on the power signals from circuitry 1210 through conductors1214. Extraction circuitry 1240 removes the intensity control signalsfrom the power signal and provide the intensity control signals to theswitching regulator. The intensity control signals may control LEDs of asingle color or LEDs of multiple colors. Power supply circuitry 1230 maybe completely within bulb connector 110 or it may be elsewhere such aspartially within connector 110 and partially within bulb encapsulation140, or completely within encapsulation 140. An internal intensitycontrol signal can be responsive an external intensity control signal.For example, in some embodiments, extraction circuitry 1240 may pass onthe external intensity control signal unchanged, and in otherembodiments or extraction circuitry 1240 creates an internal intensitycontrol in response to the external intensity control signal from powerconductor 1214, but wherein the internal intensity control signal may besomewhat different than the external intensity control signal. Multipleinternal intensity control signals may be responsive to a singleexternal intensity control signal or to multiple external intensitycontrol signals.

FIG. 13 shows intensity control circuitry 1310 wirelessly coupled to alight device 1300 through transmitter 1342 and receiver 1344. Lightdevice 1300 includes LEDs 1320 which may include a single color ormultiple colors of LEDs such as LEDs 1062, 1064, and 1066. Power supplycircuitry 1330 controls the intensity of LEDs 1220 in response tocontrol signals from control circuitry 1310. The intensity controlsignals may control LEDs of a single color or LEDs of multiple colors.The intensity control signals may be at radio frequency (RF) or infrared(IR) or at some other frequency. Various types of known wireless signalencoding techniques could be used to control the intensity. Power supplycircuitry 1330 may be completely within bulb connector 110 or it may beelsewhere such as partially within connector 110 and partially withinbulb encapsulation 140, or completely within encapsulation 140.

FIG. 14 shows a light device 1400 including an audio sensors 1444 todetect audio signals and provide signals in response to power supplycircuitry 1430. An example of an audio signal may be clapping hands.Light device 1400 includes LEDs 1420 which may include a single color ormultiple colors of LEDs such as LEDs 1062, 1064, and 1066. Power supplycircuitry 1330 controls the intensity of LEDs 1220 in response tocontrol signals from audio sensors 1444. Audio signals may control LEDsof a single color or LEDs of multiple colors. Power supply circuitry1430 may be completely within bulb connector 110 or it may be elsewheresuch as partially within connector 110 and partially within bulbencapsulation 140, or completely within encapsulation 140. Clappinghands to turn lights on or off is known, although the audio sensors arephysically remote from the light device.

Other types of intensity control could be used. For example, there couldbe a conductor separate from the power conductor to carry controlsignals to a bulb.

FIG. 15 shows inductor(s) 414 as part of a semiconductor chip 1520 in apackage 1510 in power supply circuitry 400. In some embodiments,switching regulator 410 (with the possible exception of inductor(s) 414as explained) is included in chip 1520 or chip 1620 discussed inconnection with FIG. 16. Inductor(s) 414 may be fabricated as part ofchip 1520 or merely placed on chip 1520.

FIG. 16 shows inductor(s) 414 as part of a package 1610 for asemiconductor chip 1620 in power supply circuitry 400. Inductor(s) 414may be fabricated as part of package 1610 (for example, on interiorlayers of a package substrate) or merely placed on package 1610.Alternatively, inductor(s) 414 and other inductors such as 230 may beseparate from the chip and package. For example, the inductor(s) couldbe part of or on a circuit board such as a printed circuit board (PCB).

The relatively sizes of objects as they appear in the figures are notintended to convey actual relative sizes.

In some embodiments, the received power is DC, so there is no need toconvert from AC to DC.

Additional Information and Embodiments

An embodiment is an implementation or example of the invention.Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,”“some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but notnecessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of “an embodiment,”“one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” are not necessarily allreferring to the same embodiments.

When it is said the element “A” is coupled to element “B,” element A maybe directly coupled to element B or be indirectly coupled through, forexample, element C.

When the specification or claims state that a component, feature,structure, process, or characteristic A “causes” a component, feature,structure, process, or characteristic B, it means that “A” is at least apartial cause of “B” but that there may also be at least one othercomponent, feature, structure, process, or characteristic that assistsin causing “B.” Likewise, that A is responsive to B, does not mean it isnot also responsive to C.

If the specification states a component, feature, structure, process, orcharacteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particularcomponent, feature, structure, process, or characteristic is notrequired to be included. If the specification or claim refers to “a” or“an” element, that does not mean there is only one of the element.

The invention is not restricted to the particular details describedherein. Indeed, many other variations of the foregoing description anddrawings may be made within the scope of the present invention.Accordingly, it is the following claims including any amendments theretothat define the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A light device for generating light, comprising: light emitting diodes (LEDs); a power supply circuitry including at least one switching regulator including switching elements to provide power to the LEDs, wherein the LEDs include differently colored LED groups each including at least one LED of a given color; a switching control circuitry to independently control light intensities for the different LED groups to change an overall color of light generated by the light device; and a device support structure including a device connector and an LED support to support the LEDs, wherein the device connector is configured to mate with a light socket to provide power from the light socket to the power supply circuitry, and the power supply circuitry is included inside the device connector; wherein the switching control circuitry is to independently control the light intensities for the different LED groups responsive to a change in at least one external intensity control signal; wherein each of the at least one switching regulator includes an inductor coupled to the switching elements; and wherein the switching control circuitry includes: a voltage reference circuit to generate a reference voltage based on the external intensity control signal; a first comparator to compare the reference voltage to a sensed voltage that corresponds to a current through the respective LED group; and a second comparator to control at least one of a pulse width or frequency of a drive signal based on an output signal of the first comparator and an oscillation voltage signal received from an oscillator, wherein the drive signal is provided to the switching elements to control the switching elements and thereby control the intensity of the respective LED group.
 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a wireless receiver coupled to the switching control circuitry, the wireless receiver to wirelessly receive the at least one external intensity control signal.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device connector is of a standardized size.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the power supply circuitry is included at least partially inside the device connector.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein there are more than one of the switching regulators and each of the switching regulators includes switching control circuitry separately to control intensity of different ones of the groups of LEDs.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the switching regulator is included in a semiconductor chip.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the inductor is formed in the chip.
 8. The device of claim 6, further comprising a package substrate for the chip and wherein the inductor is formed in the package substrate.
 9. The device of claim 6, further comprising a printed circuit board coupled to the chip and wherein the inductor is formed in the printed circuit board.
 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the switching control circuitry is responsive to a change in the reference voltage.
 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is responsive to at least one intensity control signal which is derived from the at least one external intensity control signal.
 12. A light device for generating light, comprising: light emitting diodes (LEDs); and a power supply circuitry including alternating current (AC)-to-direct current (DC) conversion circuitry and a switching regulator including switching elements to provide power to the LEDs, wherein the switching regulator includes switching control circuitry to control switching of the switching elements to control an intensity of the LEDs, the switching control circuitry to control the intensity of the LEDs in response to at least one external intensity control signal; and a wireless receiver coupled to the power supply circuitry, the wireless receiver to receive the at least one external intensity control signal from an external intensity control circuitry; wherein the switching regulator includes an inductor coupled to the switching elements; wherein the switching control circuitry includes: a voltage reference circuit to generate a reference voltage based on the external intensity control signal; a first comparator to compare the reference voltage to a sensed voltage that corresponds to a current through the LEDs; and a second comparator to control at least one of a pulse width or frequency of a drive signal based on an output signal of the first comparator and an oscillation voltage signal received from an oscillator, wherein the drive signal is provided to the switching elements to control the switching elements and thereby control the intensity of the LEDs.
 13. The device of claim 12, comprising a device support structure including a device connector and a light emitting element support to support the LEDs.
 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the device connector is one end of the device support structure, and the power supply circuitry is supported by the device support structure.
 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the switching control circuitry is to control both switching pulse width and frequency to control the intensity of the LEDs.
 16. The device of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the switching regulator is included in a semiconductor chip.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the inductor is formed in the chip, in a package substrate coupled to the chip, or in a printed circuit board coupled to the chip.
 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the LEDs include different groups of LEDs and each group has a different color, and there are more than one of the switching regulators and the more than one of the switching regulators each include switching control circuitry to separately control intensity of different ones of the groups of LEDs.
 19. A lighting system comprising: an external intensity control circuitry to provide at least one external intensity control signal, the external intensity control circuitry including a wireless transmitter to transmit the at least one external intensity control signal; and a light device for generating light, the light device including: light emitting diodes (LEDs); a wireless receiver to receive the at least one external intensity control signal; and a power supply circuitry coupled to the LEDs and the wireless receiver, the power supply circuitry including: input conductors to receive input power; and a switching regulator coupled to the input conductors, the switching regulator including switching elements to provide power to the LEDs, wherein the switching regulators are to control switching of the switching elements, responsive to the at least one external intensity control signal, to control a brightness of at least some of the LEDs; wherein the switching regulator includes an inductor coupled to the switching elements; wherein the switching regulator further includes a switching control circuitry that includes: a voltage reference circuit to generate a reference voltage based on the external intensity control signal; a first comparator to compare the reference voltage to a sensed voltage that corresponds to a current through the LEDs; and a second comparator to control at least one of a pulse width or frequency of a drive signal based on an output signal of the first comparator and an oscillation voltage signal received from an oscillator, wherein the drive signal is provided to the switching elements to control the switching elements and thereby control the brightness of the at least some of the LEDs.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the LEDs include different groups of LEDs, wherein each group of LEDs has LEDs of a different color from the other groups of LEDs, wherein the light device includes more than one of the switching regulators, and wherein individual switching regulators are to control intensity of respective different ones of the groups of LEDs.
 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the switching control circuitry is to control switching pulse width and frequency of the drive signal provided to the switching elements to control the brightness of the at least some of the LEDs.
 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the light device further includes a device support structure including a device connector and an LED support to support the LEDs, wherein the device connector is configured to mate with a light socket to provide power from the light socket to the power supply circuitry via the input conductors, and wherein the power supply circuitry is included inside the device connector. 